Genetically Engineered Crops

by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Genetically Engineered Crops
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 607
Release: 2017-01-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309437385
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Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Precision medicine: recent advances, current challenges and future perspectives

by Oriana Awwad
Precision medicine: recent advances, current challenges and future perspectives
Author: Oriana Awwad
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2024-06-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2832550428
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Personalized medicine (precision medicine) is an evolving field that comprises medical interventions tailored to individuals or groups of patients. It is designed to facilitate enhanced screening and earlier disease detection, more precise disease diagnosis, and improved treatment. Personalized medicine allows patients to receive specific therapies that work best for them aiming for more effective treatment, better outcomes, safer clinical managements and more efficient health systems.

Human Genetics and Genomics

by Bruce R. Korf
Human Genetics and Genomics
Author: Bruce R. Korf
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2012-11-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1118537661
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This fourth edition of the best-selling textbook, Human Genetics and Genomics, clearly explains the key principles needed by medical and health sciences students, from the basis of molecular genetics, to clinical applications used in the treatment of both rare and common conditions. A newly expanded Part 1, Basic Principles of Human Genetics, focuses on introducing the reader to key concepts such as Mendelian principles, DNA replication and gene expression. Part 2, Genetics and Genomics in Medical Practice, uses case scenarios to help you engage with current genetic practice. Now featuring full-color diagrams, Human Genetics and Genomics has been rigorously updated to reflect today’s genetics teaching, and includes updated discussion of genetic risk assessment, “single gene” disorders and therapeutics. Key learning features include: Clinical snapshots to help relate science to practice 'Hot topics' boxes that focus on the latest developments in testing, assessment and treatment 'Ethical issues' boxes to prompt further thought and discussion on the implications of genetic developments 'Sources of information' boxes to assist with the practicalities of clinical research and information provision Self-assessment review questions in each chapter Accompanied by the Wiley E-Text digital edition (included in the price of the book), Human Genetics and Genomics is also fully supported by a suite of online resources at www.korfgenetics.com, including: Factsheets on 100 genetic disorders, ideal for study and exam preparation Interactive Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with feedback on all answers Links to online resources for further study Figures from the book available as PowerPoint slides, ideal for teaching purposes The perfect companion to the genetics component of both problem-based learning and integrated medical courses, Human Genetics and Genomics presents the ideal balance between the bio-molecular basis of genetics and clinical cases, and provides an invaluable overview for anyone wishing to engage with this fast-moving discipline.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

by National Research Council
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 348
Release: 2000-12-21
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0309070864
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Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Targeting Ion Channels for Drug Discovery: Emerging Challenges for High Throughput Screening Technologies

by Ciria Hernandez
Targeting Ion Channels for Drug Discovery: Emerging Challenges for High Throughput Screening Technologies
Author: Ciria Hernandez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2024-06-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 2832550169
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Ligand and voltage-gated ion channels are highly regulated protein molecules that cross the cell membrane allowing ion flow from one side of the membrane to the other. They are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and consist of one of the largest and best understood functional groups of proteins, with more than 400 members spanning nearly 1% of the human genome. They are involved in a variety of fundamental physiological processes, and their malfunction causes numerous diseases. In terms of the challenges faced in the effort to discover specific drugs in ancient and emerging diseases, ion channels are the third-largest class of target proteins after G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and kinases. 15% of small molecule drug targets have been reported to be voltage- or ligand-gated ion channels, resulting in approximately 150 new drug candidates in preclinical and clinical studies. Of the ion channel targeting drugs found on the market, these were identified more than a decade ago, and many of the current studies are at various stages of scientific approval. Overcoming these challenges has led the field of ion channel drug discovery to transform over the past 15 years through major advancements in genetic target detection, validation, structure-based drug design, and drug modeling of cell-based diseases.