Abduction, Reason and Science

Abduction, Reason and Science
Author: L. Magnani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2011-06-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 144198562X

This book ties together the concerns of philosophers of science and AI researchers, showing for example the connections between scientific thinking and medical expert systems. It lays out a useful general framework for discussion of a variety of kinds of abduction. It develops important ideas about aspects of abductive reasoning that have been relatively neglected in cognitive science, including the use of visual and temporal representations and the role of abduction in the withdrawal of hypotheses.

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 633
Release: 2013-08-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 364237428X

This book contains contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR ́012), held on June 21-23 in Sestri Levante, Italy. Interdisciplinary researchers discuss in this volume how scientific cognition and other kinds of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some of the contributions analyzed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology and stressed the issues of scientific and technological innovation. The book is divided in three main parts: models, mental models, representations; abduction, problem solving and practical reasoning; historical, epistemological and technological issues. The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 664
Release: 2010-09-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3642152236

Systematically presented to enhance the feasibility of fuzzy models, this book introduces the novel concept of a fuzzy network whose nodes are rule bases and their interconnections are interactions between rule bases in the form of outputs fed as inputs.

Abduction in Cognition and Action

Abduction in Cognition and Action
Author: John R. Shook
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2021-05-29
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3030617734

This book gathers together novel essays on the state-of-the-art research into the logic and practice of abduction. In many ways, abduction has become established and essential to several fields, such as logic, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and methodology. In recent years this interest in abduction’s many aspects and functions has accelerated. There are evidently several different interpretations and uses for abduction. Many fundamental questions on abduction remain open. How is abduction manifested in human cognition and intelligence? What kinds or types of abduction can be discerned? What is the role for abduction in inquiry and mathematical discovery? The chapters aim at providing answer to these and other current questions. Their contributors have been at the forefront of discussions on abduction, and offer here their updated approaches to the issues that they consider central to abduction’s contemporary relevance. The book is an essential reading for any scholar or professional keeping up with disciplines impacted by the study of abductive reasoning, and its novel development and applications in various fields.

Morality in a Technological World

Morality in a Technological World
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2007-08-13
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1139466895

The technological advances of contemporary society have outpaced our moral understanding of the problems that they create. How will we deal with profound ecological changes, human cloning, hybrid people, and eroding cyberprivacy, just to name a few issues? In this book, Lorenzo Magnani argues that existing moral constructs often cannot be applied to new technology. He proposes an entirely different ethical approach, one that blends epistemology with cognitive science. The resulting moral strategy promises renewed dignity for overlooked populations, both of today and of the future.

Abductive Reasoning

Abductive Reasoning
Author: Atocha Aliseda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2006-02-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1402039077

Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.

Model-Based Reasoning

Model-Based Reasoning
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 432
Release: 2002-05-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780306472442

There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term ‘model’ comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations and are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. The book’s contributors are researchers active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology.

Truth-Seeking by Abduction

Truth-Seeking by Abduction
Author: Ilkka Niiniluoto
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2018-10-24
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3319991574

This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.

Abduction and Induction

Abduction and Induction
Author: P.A. Flach
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 317
Release: 2013-04-18
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9401706069

From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general.