Bulletin

Bulletin
Author: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 848
Release: 1913
Genre: Medicine, Experimental
ISBN:

Drug Literature

Drug Literature
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Subcommittee on Reorganization and Internal Organizations
Publisher:
Total Pages: 194
Release: 1963
Genre: Drugs
ISBN:

Know Your Remedies

Know Your Remedies
Author: He Bian
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2022-03-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 0691200130

"Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced in various forms for more than a thousand years. Practitioners may heal patients with herbal remedies, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and modified diets. Even today, herbal medicines are of particular importance; Chinese pharmacies containing a vast array of remedies can be found in cities and towns the world over. This book is an interdisciplinary and cultural history of the concept of "pharmacy," both the drugs themselves and the trade in medicine, during the Ming and Qing dynasties of early modern China. This was a time of change for traditional Chinese medicine and for Chinese science as a whole. Many historians have argued that sixteenth-century China was a high point of scientific inquiry, followed by a period of intellectual decline. Though political and intellectual shifts led to a crisis of authority over pharmaceutical knowledge in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, Bian argues that this period of supposed intellectual decline was in fact characterized by numerous efforts to further refine and spread the pharmacological knowledge amassed in the Ming dynasty. She draws on a wide range of primary sources, but particularly through the study of bencao (pronounced "pen ts'ao"), a genre of encyclopaedic works, often called matteria medica or pharmacopoeia in the West, that collect information on medicinal substances. As the early modern Chinese Empire expanded and print culture became more widespread, the pursuit of medical remedies became a significant commercial enterprise. The author connects theory and practice of pharmacy during the Ming and Qing dynasties to broader developments in intellectual history, book culture, commerce, and taxation"--

Drug Literature ...

Drug Literature ...
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Government Operations
Publisher:
Total Pages: 206
Release: 1953
Genre:
ISBN:

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Author: Patricia M. Danzon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 618
Release: 2012-04-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199909261

The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.

Arizona MPJE Exam Prep

Arizona MPJE Exam Prep
Author: Pharmacy Testing Solutions
Publisher:
Total Pages: 118
Release: 2020-06-04
Genre:
ISBN:

Use Arizona MPJE(R) Exam Prep to study for your Arizona pharmacy law exam. It includes 300 challenging practice questions with clear explanations. The AZ Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination is a challenging test that requires knowledge of both federal and state laws. In this review book we thoroughly cover the pharmacy laws that you, need to know for this exam. All of the content in this book is in question-and-answer format, and the detailed explanations will help you learn from your mistakes. In total there are 300 practice questions: 100 Federal Pharmacy Law Questions 200 Arizona Pharmacy Law Questions Answer Key with Detailed Explanations After you master the questions in this book you will be ready to take the Arizona MPJE!

Defining Drugs

Defining Drugs
Author: Richard Henry Parrish II
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 275
Release: 2017-09-25
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1351523147

Drug-related morbidity and mortality is rampant in contemporary industrial society, despite or perhaps because, government has assumed a critical role in the process by which drugs are developed and approved. Parrish asserts that, as a people, Americans need to understand how it is that government became the arbiter of pharmaceutical fact. The consequences of our failure to understand, he argues, may threaten individual choice and forestall the development of responsible therapeutics. Moreover, if current standards and control continues unabated, the next therapeutic reformation might well make possible the sanctioned commercial exploitation of patients. In Defining Drugs, Parrish argues that the federal government became arbiter of pharmaceutical fact because the professions of pharmacy and medicine, as well as the pharmaceutical industry, could enforce these definitions and standards only through police powers reserved to government. Parrish begins his provocative study by examining the development of the social system for regulating drug therapy in the United States. He reviews the standards that were negotiated, and the tensions of the period between Progressivism and the New Deal that gave cultural context and historical meaning to drug use in American society. Parrish describes issues related to the development of narcotics policy through education and legislation facilitated by James Beal and Edward Kremers, and documents the federal government's evolving role as arbiter of market tensions between pharmaceutical producers, government officials, and private citizens in professional groups, illustrating the influence of government in writing enforceable standards for pharmaceutical therapies. He shows how the expansion of political rights for practitioners and producers has shifted responsibility for therapeutic consequences from individual practitioners and patients to government. This timely and controversial volume is written for the scholar and the compassionate practitioner alike, and a general public concerned with pharmacy regulation in a free society.