Sum of Squares: Theory and Applications

Sum of Squares: Theory and Applications
Author: Pablo A. Parrilo
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 142
Release:
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1470450259

This volume is based on lectures delivered at the 2019 AMS Short Course “Sum of Squares: Theory and Applications”, held January 14–15, 2019, in Baltimore, Maryland. This book provides a concise state-of-the-art overview of the theory and applications of polynomials that are sums of squares. This is an exciting and timely topic, with rich connections to many areas of mathematics, including polynomial and semidefinite optimization, real and convex algebraic geometry, and theoretical computer science. The six chapters introduce and survey recent developments in this area; specific topics include the algebraic and geometric aspects of sums of squares and spectrahedra, lifted representations of convex sets, and the algorithmic and computational implications of viewing sums of squares as a meta algorithm. The book also showcases practical applications of the techniques across a variety of areas, including control theory, statistics, finance and machine learning.

Sums of Squares of Integers

Sums of Squares of Integers
Author: Carlos J. Moreno
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2005-12-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1584884568

Sums of Squares of Integers covers topics in combinatorial number theory as they relate to counting representations of integers as sums of a certain number of squares. The book introduces a stimulating area of number theory where research continues to proliferate. It is a book of "firsts" - namely it is the first book to combine Liouville's elementary methods with the analytic methods of modular functions to study the representation of integers as sums of squares. It is the first book to tell how to compute the number of representations of an integer n as the sum of s squares of integers for any s and n. It is also the first book to give a proof of Szemeredi's theorem, and is the first number theory book to discuss how the modern theory of modular forms complements and clarifies the classical fundamental results about sums of squares. The book presents several existing, yet still interesting and instructive, examples of modular forms. Two chapters develop useful properties of the Bernoulli numbers and illustrate arithmetic progressions, proving the theorems of van der Waerden, Roth, and Szemeredi. The book also explains applications of the theory to three problems that lie outside of number theory in the areas of cryptanalysis, microwave radiation, and diamond cutting. The text is complemented by the inclusion of over one hundred exercises to test the reader's understanding.

From Polynomials to Sums of Squares

From Polynomials to Sums of Squares
Author: T.H Jackson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2023-05-09
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1000948781

From Polynomials to Sums of Squares describes a journey through the foothills of algebra and number theory based around the central theme of factorization. The book begins by providing basic knowledge of rational polynomials, then gradually introduces other integral domains, and eventually arrives at sums of squares of integers. The text is complemented with illustrations that feature specific examples. Other than familiarity with complex numbers and some elementary number theory, very little mathematical prerequisites are needed. The accompanying disk enables readers to explore the subject further by removing the tedium of doing calculations by hand. Throughout the text there are practical activities involving the computer.

Semidefinite Optimization and Convex Algebraic Geometry

Semidefinite Optimization and Convex Algebraic Geometry
Author: Grigoriy Blekherman
Publisher: SIAM
Total Pages: 487
Release: 2013-03-21
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1611972280

An accessible introduction to convex algebraic geometry and semidefinite optimization. For graduate students and researchers in mathematics and computer science.

Infinite Families of Exact Sums of Squares Formulas, Jacobi Elliptic Functions, Continued Fractions, and Schur Functions

Infinite Families of Exact Sums of Squares Formulas, Jacobi Elliptic Functions, Continued Fractions, and Schur Functions
Author: Stephen C. Milne
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2013-11-27
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1475754620

The problem of representing an integer as a sum of squares of integers is one of the oldest and most significant in mathematics. It goes back at least 2000 years to Diophantus, and continues more recently with the works of Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, Jacobi, Glaisher, Ramanujan, Hardy, Mordell, Andrews, and others. Jacobi's elliptic function approach dates from his epic Fundamenta Nova of 1829. Here, the author employs his combinatorial/elliptic function methods to derive many infinite families of explicit exact formulas involving either squares or triangular numbers, two of which generalize Jacobi's (1829) 4 and 8 squares identities to 4n2 or 4n(n+1) squares, respectively, without using cusp forms such as those of Glaisher or Ramanujan for 16 and 24 squares. These results depend upon new expansions for powers of various products of classical theta functions. This is the first time that infinite families of non-trivial exact explicit formulas for sums of squares have been found. The author derives his formulas by utilizing combinatorics to combine a variety of methods and observations from the theory of Jacobi elliptic functions, continued fractions, Hankel or Turanian determinants, Lie algebras, Schur functions, and multiple basic hypergeometric series related to the classical groups. His results (in Theorem 5.19) generalize to separate infinite families each of the 21 of Jacobi's explicitly stated degree 2, 4, 6, 8 Lambert series expansions of classical theta functions in sections 40-42 of the Fundamental Nova. The author also uses a special case of his methods to give a derivation proof of the two Kac and Wakimoto (1994) conjectured identities concerning representations of a positive integer by sums of 4n2 or 4n(n+1) triangular numbers, respectively. These conjectures arose in the study of Lie algebras and have also recently been proved by Zagier using modular forms. George Andrews says in a preface of this book, `This impressive work will undoubtedly spur others both in elliptic functions and in modular forms to build on these wonderful discoveries.' Audience: This research monograph on sums of squares is distinguished by its diversity of methods and extensive bibliography. It contains both detailed proofs and numerous explicit examples of the theory. This readable work will appeal to both students and researchers in number theory, combinatorics, special functions, classical analysis, approximation theory, and mathematical physics.

Introduction to Applied Linear Algebra

Introduction to Applied Linear Algebra
Author: Stephen Boyd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 477
Release: 2018-06-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1316518965

A groundbreaking introduction to vectors, matrices, and least squares for engineering applications, offering a wealth of practical examples.

Symmetry: Representation Theory and Its Applications

Symmetry: Representation Theory and Its Applications
Author: Roger Howe
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2015-01-04
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1493915908

Nolan Wallach's mathematical research is remarkable in both its breadth and depth. His contributions to many fields include representation theory, harmonic analysis, algebraic geometry, combinatorics, number theory, differential equations, Riemannian geometry, ring theory, and quantum information theory. The touchstone and unifying thread running through all his work is the idea of symmetry. This volume is a collection of invited articles that pay tribute to Wallach's ideas, and show symmetry at work in a large variety of areas. The articles, predominantly expository, are written by distinguished mathematicians and contain sufficient preliminary material to reach the widest possible audiences. Graduate students, mathematicians, and physicists interested in representation theory and its applications will find many gems in this volume that have not appeared in print elsewhere. Contributors: D. Barbasch, K. Baur, O. Bucicovschi, B. Casselman, D. Ciubotaru, M. Colarusso, P. Delorme, T. Enright, W.T. Gan, A Garsia, G. Gour, B. Gross, J. Haglund, G. Han, P. Harris, J. Hong, R. Howe, M. Hunziker, B. Kostant, H. Kraft, D. Meyer, R. Miatello, L. Ni, G. Schwarz, L. Small, D. Vogan, N. Wallach, J. Wolf, G. Xin, O. Yacobi.

Commutative Ring Theory and Applications

Commutative Ring Theory and Applications
Author: Marco Fontana
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 524
Release: 2017-07-27
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9780203910627

Featuring presentations from the Fourth International Conference on Commutative Algebra held in Fez, Morocco, this reference presents trends in the growing area of commutative algebra. With contributions from nearly 50 internationally renowned researchers, the book emphasizes innovative applications and connections to algebraic number theory, geome

Image Recovery: Theory and Application

Image Recovery: Theory and Application
Author: Henry Stark
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 565
Release: 2013-04-25
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0323145973

Image Recovery: Theory and Application focuses on signal recovery and synthesis problems. This book discusses the concepts of image recovery, including regularization, the projection theorem, and the pseudoinverse operator. Comprised of 13 chapters, this volume begins with a review of the basic properties of linear vector spaces and associated operators, followed by a discussion on the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm. It then explores image restoration and the basic mathematical theory in image restoration problems. The reader is also introduced to the problem of obtaining artifact-free computed tomographic reconstruction. Other chapters consider the importance of Bayesian approach in the context of medical imaging. In addition, the book discusses the linear programming method, which is particularly important for images with large number of pixels with zero value. Such images are usually found in medical imaging, microscopy, electron microscopy, and astronomy. This book can be a valuable resource to materials scientists, engineers, computed tomography technologists, and astronomers.