Technology of the Medieval and Early Modern Worlds

Technology of the Medieval and Early Modern Worlds
Author: Emily Sebastian
Publisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Total Pages: 112
Release: 2015-12-15
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN: 150810039X

While the medieval period is often written off as a backward and benighted era, it was, in fact, marked by advances in wind and water power, agriculture, navigation, timekeeping, and military technology. The invention of the printing press near the end of the Middle Ages ushered in the early modern period. The achievements of this era—in particular the fabrication of scientific instruments, the development of commerce, rising urbanization, and the invention of the steam engine—laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. Readers will be engrossed by this information-packed title and come away with a real understanding of how technology develops over time, building, by fits and spurts, on the technology already in use.

Fighting Techniques of the Early Modern World

Fighting Techniques of the Early Modern World
Author: Christer Jorgensen
Publisher: Macmillan
Total Pages: 268
Release: 2006-07-11
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780312348199

Fighting Techniques of the Early Modern World describes the combat techniques of soldiers in Europe and North America from 1500 to 1763. The book explores the unique tactics required to win battles in an era where the musket increasingly came to dominate the battlefield, and demonstrates how little has changed in some respects of the art of war.

The Medieval & Early Modern World

The Medieval & Early Modern World
Author: Merry E. Wiesner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 197
Release: 2005-06-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0195176723

Cultural life flowered from the mid-fifteenth century in the Italian city-states, many of which profited from the new trading opportunities that growing world networks permitted. Contact among regions of the world expanded, bringing new ideas and prompting an appreciation of arts and letters-not only of the present but of the past. In Italy this cultural flowering was known at first as the renaissance of arts and letters, soon shortened to just "Renaissance" to accommodate cultural ingredients that came from beyond Europe. Italian and northern European cultural expansion benefited from similar retrieval of ancient knowledge in the Islamic world and East Asia. Like the Italians, the Chinese had grown even wealthier from the extensive links to global commerce provided by the Mongol Empire, but once thrown off, their cultural life flourished under the Ming. Cultural knowledge and the arts spread across Asia and into Europe. As part of state-building, the Ming nourished commerce but also rejected the cosmopolitan Buddhist legacy that arrived from central and south Asia. To strengthen dynastic Chinese rule, the Ming challenged Buddhism with a revival of age-old concern for the Confucian values that had languished under the Mongols. Foremost among these new Confucians was Wu Yube, so expert in his teachings that he attracted a wide coterie of disciples. In India, Nanak, an educated employee of an Afghan prince, sparked the founding of Sikhism. A similar search for reviving fundamental religious values occurred in Europe, where Martin Luther challenged the practices of the Catholic church, ushering in Protestantism. Religious reform and resistance to it were closely connected to the state-building efforts of enterprising monarchs such as Henry VIII of England. India likewise experienced a fervent movement to revive pure, ancient religious practices. Fourteenth and fifteenth century global trade and long-distance ventures such as those made by the Ming and then by the Portuguese further inspired and advanced these worldwide cultural and political developments. A brisk Indian Ocean trade flourished. Economic change ensued with the arrival of New World silver on the global market. The advance of printing not only furthered the cause of religious reform and state-building globally; it also helped globalize knowledge and intellectual experimentation. People of great power and those of more limited means came to live their lives differently because of this expanding web of shared knowledge and trade. Cities flourished, the enslavement of native Americans came to replace their use as human sacrifices, and diseases migrated at a more rapid pace and greater devastation than perhaps ever before.

Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture

Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture
Author: Maja Bondestam
Publisher:
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2020-11-09
Genre:
ISBN: 9789463721745

Drawing on a rich array of textual and visual primary sources-including medicine, satire, play script, dictionaries, natural philosophy, and texts on collecting wonders-this book provides a fresh perspective on monstrosity in early modern European culture. The essays explore how exceptional bodies challenged social, religious, sexual and natural structures and hierarchies in the sixteenth-, seventeenth- and early eighteenth centuries and contributed to its knowledge, virtue and emotional repertoire. Prodigious births, maternal imagination, hermaphrodites, collections of extraordinary things, powerful women, disabilities, controversial exercise, shapeshifting phenomena, and hybrids of different kinds are examined in a period before all deviances became normalized, in the sense, close and relative to a homogenous standard. The historicizing of exceptional bodies is central in the volume since it brings out the early modern culture and deepen our knowledge of its specific ways of conceptualizing singularities, rare examples, paradoxes, rules and conventions in nature and society.

Cartographic Humanism

Cartographic Humanism
Author: Katharina N. Piechocki
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2021-09-13
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 022664121X

Piechocki calls for an examination of the idea of Europe as a geographical concept, tracing its development in the 15th and 16th centuries. What is “Europe,” and when did it come to be? In the Renaissance, the term “Europe” circulated widely. But as Katharina N. Piechocki argues in this compelling book, the continent itself was only in the making in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Cartographic Humanism sheds new light on how humanists negotiated and defined Europe’s boundaries at a momentous shift in the continent’s formation: when a new imagining of Europe was driven by the rise of cartography. As Piechocki shows, this tool of geography, philosophy, and philology was used not only to represent but, more importantly, also to shape and promote an image of Europe quite unparalleled in previous centuries. Engaging with poets, historians, and mapmakers, Piechocki resists an easy categorization of the continent, scrutinizing Europe as an unexamined category that demands a much more careful and nuanced investigation than scholars of early modernity have hitherto undertaken. Unprecedented in its geographic scope, Cartographic Humanism is the first book to chart new itineraries across Europe as it brings France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Portugal into a lively, interdisciplinary dialogue.

Archives & Information in the Early Modern World

Archives & Information in the Early Modern World
Author: Liesbeth Corens
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2018
Genre: Archival resources
ISBN: 9780197266250

Includes revised version of papers from a conference entitled "Transforming Information: Record Keeping in the Early Modern World" held at the British Academy in April 2014, together with three additional essays.

Animating Empire

Animating Empire
Author: Jessica Keating
Publisher: Penn State Press
Total Pages: 426
Release: 2018-05-09
Genre: Art
ISBN: 027108149X

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, German clockwork automata were collected, displayed, and given as gifts throughout the Holy Roman, Ottoman, and Mughal Empires. In Animating Empire, Jessica Keating recounts the lost history of six such objects and reveals the religious, social, and political meaning they held. The intricate gilt, silver, enameled, and bejeweled clockwork automata, almost exclusively crafted in the city of Augsburg, represented a variety of subjects in motion, from religious figures to animals. Their movements were driven by gears, wheels, and springs painstakingly assembled by clockmakers. Typically wound up and activated by someone in a position of power, these objects and the theological and political arguments they made were highly valued by German-speaking nobility. They were often given as gifts and as tribute payment, and they played remarkable roles in the Holy Roman Empire, particularly with regard to courtly notions about the important early modern issues of universal Christian monarchy, the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, the encroachment of the Ottoman Empire, and global trade. Demonstrating how automata produced in the Holy Roman Empire spoke to a convergence of historical, religious, and political circumstances, Animating Empire is a fascinating analysis of the animation of inanimate matter in the early modern period. It will appeal especially to art historians and historians of early modern Europe. E-book editions have been made possible through support of the Art History Publication Initiative (AHPI), a collaborative grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World

Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World
Author: Paul M. Dover
Publisher:
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2017-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781474428446

The early modern period has long been seen as an age of great importance in the development of foreign relations. The rise of resident embassies, the development of institutions dedicated to diplomatic activity, and the growth of state bureaucracies were all components in the rise of recognisably modern diplomacy. This was an 'age of secretaries' that assigned important roles in the diplomatic process to a variety of state secretaries, chancellors and ministers. Bringing together case studies drawn from across Europe and Asia, and written by leading scholars in their fields, this collection offers a novel and genuinely trans-regional take on the emergence of modern inter-state relations.

From Lived Experience to the Written Word

From Lived Experience to the Written Word
Author: Pamela H. Smith
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2022-09-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0226818241

"This book focuses on how literate artisans began to write about their discoveries starting around 1400: in other words, it explores the origins of technical writing. Artisans and artists began to publish handbooks, guides, treatises, tip sheets, graphs and recipe books rather than simply pass along their knowledge in the workshop. And they tried to articulate what the new knowledge meant. The popularity of these texts coincided with the founding of a "new philosophy" that sought to investigate nature in a new way. Smith shows how this moment began in the unceasing trials of the craft workshop, and ended in the experimentation of the natural scientific laboratory. These epistemological developments have continued to the present day and still inform how we think about scientific knowledge"--