Turbulent Diffusion in the Environment

Turbulent Diffusion in the Environment
Author: G.T. Csanady
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401025274

The rather excessive public preoccupation of the immediate past with what has been labeled the 'environmental crisis' is now fortunately being replaced by a more sus tained and rational concern with pollution problems by public administrators, engineers, and scientists. It is to be expected that members of the engineering profes sion will in the future widely be called upon to design disposal systems for gaseous and liquid wastes which meet strict pollution control regulations and to advise on possible improvements to existing systems of this kind. The engineering decisions involved will have to be based on reasonably accurate quantitative predictions of the effects of pollutants introduced into the atmosphere, ocean, lakes and rivers. A key input for such calculations comes from the theory of turbulent diffusion, which enables the prediction of the concentrations in which pollutants may be found in the neighborhood of a release duct, such as a chimney or a sewage outfall. Indeed the role of diffusion theory in pollution prediction may be likened to the role of applied mechanics (,strength of materials') in the design of structures for adequate strength. At least a certain group of engineers will have to be proficient in applying this particular branch of science to practical problems. At present, training in the theory of turbulent diffusion is available only at the gra duate level and then only in a very few places.

Turbulence In Coastal And Civil Engineering

Turbulence In Coastal And Civil Engineering
Author: B Mutlu Sumer
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 758
Release: 2020-03-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9813234326

This book discusses the subject of turbulence encountered in coastal and civil engineering.The primary aim of the book is to describe turbulence processes including transition to turbulence; mean and fluctuating flows in channels/pipes, and in currents; wave boundary layers (including boundary layers under solitary waves); streaming processes in wave boundary layers; turbulence processes in breaking waves including breaking solitary waves; turbulence processes such as bursting process and their implications for sediment transport; flow resistance in steady and wave boundary layers; and turbulent diffusion and dispersion processes in the coastal and river environment, including sediment transport due to diffusion/dispersion.Both phenomenological and statistical theories are described in great detail. Turbulence modelling is also described, and several examples for modelling of turbulence in steady flow and wave boundary layers are presented.The book ends with a chapter containing hands-on exercises on a wide variety of turbulent flows including experimental study of turbulence in an open-channel flow, using Laser Doppler Anemometry; Statistical, correlation and spectral analysis of turbulent air jet flow; Turbulence modelling of wave boundary layer flows; and numerical modelling of dispersion in a turbulent boundary layer, a set of exercises used by the authors in their Masters classes over many years.Although the book is essentially intended for professionals and researchers in the area of Coastal and Civil Engineering, and as a text book for graduate/post graduate students, the contents of the book will, however, additionally provide sufficient background in the study of turbulent flows relevant to many other disciplines, such as Wind Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering.

Diffusive Spreading in Nature, Technology and Society

Diffusive Spreading in Nature, Technology and Society
Author: Armin Bunde
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 520
Release: 2023-05-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3031059468

What do the movements of molecules and the migration of humans have in common? How does the functionality of our brain tissue resemble the flow of traffic in New York City? How can understanding the spread of ideas, rumors, and languages help us tackle the spread a pandemic? This book provides an illuminating look into these seemingly disparate topics by exploring and expertly communicating the fundamental laws that govern the spreading and diffusion of objects. A collection of leading scientists in disciplines as diverse as epidemiology, linguistics, mathematics, and physics discuss various spreading phenomena relevant to their own fields, revealing astonishing similarities and correlations between the objects of study—be they people, particles, or pandemics. This updated and expanded second edition of an award-winning book introduces timely coverage of a subject with the greatest societal impact in recent memory—the global fight against COVID-19. Winner of the 2019 Literature Prize of the German Chemical Industry Fund and brainchild of the international and long-running Diffusion Fundamentals conference series, this book targets an interdisciplinary readership, featuring an introductory chapter that sets the stage for the topics discussed throughout. Each chapter provides ample opportunity to whet the appetite of those readers seeking a more in-depth treatment, making the book also useful as supplementary reading in appropriate courses dealing with complex systems, mass transfer, and network theory.

Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling

Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling
Author: F.T. Nieuwstadt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401091129

The study of turbulence in the atmosphere has seen considerable progress in the last decade. To put it briefly: boundary-layer meteorology, the branch of atmospheric science that concentrates on turbulence in the lower atmosphere, has moved from the surface layer into the boundary layer itself. The progress has been made on all fronts: theoretical, numerical and observational. On the other hand, air pollution modeling has not seen such a rapid evolution. It has not benefited as much as it should have from the increasing knowledge in the field of atmospheric turbulence. Air pollution modeling is still in many ways based on observations and theories of the surface layer only. This book aims to bring the reader up to date on recent advances in boundary-layer meteorology and to pave the path for applications in air pollution dispersion problems. The text originates from the material presented during a short course on Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling held in The Hague during September 1981. This course was sponsored and organized by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, xi xii PREFACE to which both editors are affiliated. The Netherlands Government Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection and the Council of Europe also gave support.

Modelling Turbulence in Engineering and the Environment

Modelling Turbulence in Engineering and the Environment
Author: Kemal Hanjalić
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 403
Release: 2011-10-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0521845750

A comprehensive account of advanced RANS turbulence models including numerous applications to complex flows in engineering and the environment.

Water Environment Modeling

Water Environment Modeling
Author: Clark C.K. Liu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 335
Release: 2021-11-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000469786

Water Environment Modeling covers the formulations and applications of mathematical models that simulate water flow and chemical transport in rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries, coastal, and ocean waters. These models are used to evaluate the response of water environment to human interventions and serve as useful analytical tools for water pollution control and resource management. Simple and comprehensive modeling techniques and their practical applications are presented with examples and exercises, most of which are derived from actual case studies. In general, simple models can be solved analytically and comprehensive models require numerical solutions. While simple models are usually adopted for preliminary assessment of a particular water environment, comprehensive models are used to provide detailed spatial and temporal variations of pollutants in complex environments. The system-based models in the forms of integral equations are introduced as an alternative modeling approach. This textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in civil and environmental engineering and related academic fields. It is also suitable as a reference book for practicing engineers and scientists. Authors: Clark C.K. Liu is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of Hawaii and former Environmental Engineering Director of US National Science Foundation. Pengzhi Lin is Professor of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University. He is the author of Numerical Modeling of Water Waves (CRC Press, 2008). Hong Xiao is Professor and Vice Director of Hydroinformatics Institute of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering at Sichuan University.

Turbulence in the Atmosphere

Turbulence in the Atmosphere
Author: John C. Wyngaard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2010-01-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139485520

Based on his over forty years of research and teaching, John C. Wyngaard's textbook is an excellent up-to-date introduction to turbulence in the atmosphere and in engineering flows for advanced students, and a reference work for researchers in the atmospheric sciences. Part I introduces the concepts and equations of turbulence. It includes a rigorous introduction to the principal types of numerical modeling of turbulent flows. Part II describes turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part III covers the foundations of the statistical representation of turbulence and includes illustrative examples of stochastic problems that can be solved analytically. The book treats atmospheric and engineering turbulence in a unified way, gives clear explanation of the fundamental concepts of modeling turbulence, and has an up-to-date treatment of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Student exercises are included at the ends of chapters, and worked solutions are available online for use by course instructors.

Introduction to Chemical Transport in the Environment

Introduction to Chemical Transport in the Environment
Author: John S. Gulliver
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2007-01-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1139462458

This is a textbook for courses and independent study in environmental and chemical engineering, as well as in many other disciplines concerned with transport and diffusion of all manner of chemicals. Estimating the transport and fate of chemicals released into the environment is an interesting and challenging task. The global environment is large, on the chemical transport and fate scale. This text applies the mathematics of diffusion, turbulent diffusion and dispersion to the atmosphere, lakes, rivers, groundwater and the ocean, as well as transport between these media. The required theory is explained as a solution technique to solve the case studies and example problems. A large portion of the book is dedicated to examples and case studies, from which the important principles are derived.